About EMC
4/4/2007 · Kategori: about general EMC
What is EMC? EMC stands for ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and describes the ability of an electrical product to be immune from interference directed towards it and its ability not to interfere with the operation of other electrical products. The product is said to be electro-magnetically compatible if it satisfies these criteria
What products does the EMC directive apply to? It applies to all electrical products with the exception of military equipment, components and sub-assemblies needing to be combined with other equipment to have a ********, products covered by other directives and those which are EMC-benign i.e. products whose operation could not possibly be interfered with and that could not possibly interfere with other products/systems. Medical products, automotive and certain farming equipment are covered by their own directives with their own EMC requirements. Radio transmitters and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment including mobile phones are covered by the RTTE directive.
Do I need to test? Manufacturers and importers putting electrical products into the EU market are required to show due diligence to the requirements of the EMC Directive. They affix a CE mark and sign a declaration of conformity which is a legally-binding self-declaration that the essential requirements of the directive have been met by the Product type. f this declaration is questioned by the authorities, the manufacturer/importer has to be able to show what EMC rationale his declaration is based on. The more evidence available, the stronger the case. The decision whether to test the product or not is therefore a risk assessment, the risk of prosecution versus testing cost. The spectrum of possibilities in order of decreasing risk are: no testing, testing in-house by the manufacturer / importer, testing at a non-accredited EMC test house and testing at an accredited EMC test house. The latter option therefore represents minimum risk.
Must the test house used be accredited? No, but a much higher quality of measurement results would be expected from an accredited test house thereby greatly reducing the risk of an erroneous declaration of conformity.
What is a declaration of conformity (DoC)?
It is a certificate raised by the manufacturer / importer stating the product’s conformity to the essential requirements of the directives relevant to the product, listing the applicable harmonise standards.
Who signs the declaration of conformity (DoC)? A person of authority in the company responsible for the product e.g. a Director.
What is a harmonised standard? A harmonised standard is a standard published by CENELEC or ETSI transposed into a national standard in at least a single member state and listed in the Official Journal of the European Communities.
What is a TCF (Technical Construction File)? A Technical Construction File (TCF) is needed when harmonised standards cannot be applied to a product. This can be if no applicable harmonised standard exists or a deviation from an existing standard has to be made because of the special nature of the product, including among other things, its size being too large for laboratory testing. The file contains, among other things, the technical rationale for the test methods chosen, the product’s design details including designed-in EMC, test results and the declaration of conformity. The TCF also needs to be checked and signed off by a Competent Body and a certificate issued. This file is not to be confused with the Technical File of the Low Voltage Directive.
What are the penalties for failing to comply? The maximum penalty for putting non-compliant products into the single market is 3 months imprisonment and/or £5000 fine. A product recall or replacement exercise could also be enforced as could a prohibition or suspension of product sales.
Who enforces the EMC Directive? In the UK the EMC Directive is enforced by the Trading Standards service
Does CE + CE=CE? Combining CE marked sub-assemblies and components into a final product does not guarantee EMC compliance of the finished product.
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